by 21st Century Competition | May 8, 2014
This term covers both non-compete obligations and quantity forcing. A non-compete obligation is an obligation or incentive scheme in a supply or distribution agreement which causes the buyer not to manufacture, purchase, sell or resell products which compete with the...
by 21st Century Competition | May 8, 2014
An agreement between undertakings relating to the conditions under which they specialise in the production of a narrow or specific range of goods and/or services. Agreements on specialisation can contribute to improving the production or distribution of goods, because...
by Kevin Coates | May 14, 2014
Originally published at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:335:0043:01:EN:HTML Commission Regulation (EU) No 1218/2010 of 14 December 2010 on the application of Article 101(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to...
by 21st Century Competition | May 8, 2014
Side effects of an agreement or a merger between two or several firms, which affect competition between them in another relevant market than the one covered by the agreement or the merger in question. Spillover effects are referred to in Article 2(4) of the merger...
by 21st Century Competition | May 8, 2014
Costs faced by a firm that intends to start economic activity in a specific market segment. These costs include, for example, the expen- diture to undertake research and development (R & D) activities, the costs of acquiring production and/or distribution...
