by 21st Century Competition | May 7, 2014
Market at the next stage of the production/distribution chain, for example, the distribution and sale of motor vehicles would be a downstream market in relation to the production of motor vehicles. Source: Glossary of terms used in EU competition policy, Antitrust and...
by 21st Century Competition | May 7, 2014
Special case of oligopoly: industry structure with two sellers. In competition cases the term is often also used for situations where two main sellers dominate the competitive structure and a fringe of smaller sellers adapts to their behaviour. The two main sellers...
by 21st Century Competition | May 7, 2014
Economies of scale occur when firms achieve per unit cost savings by producing more of a good or service (that is, when average costs decrease as output increases). Such effects arise when it is possible to spread fixed costs over a higher output. Examples of scale...
by 21st Century Competition | May 7, 2014
Economies of scope occur when firms achieve cost savings by increas- ing the variety of goods and services that they produce (joint produc- tion). Such effects arise when it is possible to share components and to use the same facilities and personnel to produce...
by 21st Century Competition | May 7, 2014
EEA stands for European Economic Area. The EEA agreement, to which all EU Member States and the EFTA members Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway are parties, entered into force on 1 January 1994. The objective of the agreement is to establish a dynamic and homogeneous...
