by 21st Century Competition | May 7, 2014
A market where there is free competition is a market on which mutually independent businesses engage in the same activity and contend to attract consumers. In other words, each business is subject to competitive pressure from the others. Effective competition thus...
by 21st Century Competition | May 7, 2014
Request by a natural or legal person who claims a legitimate interest, asking the Commission to investigate an alleged infringement of EU competition law and to bring it to an end. Formal complaints oblige the Commission to act (either to find that there is an...
by 21st Century Competition | May 7, 2014
A company’s internal policy, established to ensure its complete compliance with competition rules in all its business actions. In a compliance programme the company trains its personnel on compe- tition rules and provides them with guidance on how to avoid agree-...
by 21st Century Competition | May 7, 2014
A concentration arises either where two or more previously independent undertakings merge (merger), where an undertaking acquires control of another undertaking (acquisition of control), or where a joint venture is created, performing on a lasting basis all the...
by 21st Century Competition | May 7, 2014
Coordination between undertakings which, without having reached the stage of concluding a formal agreement, have knowingly substi- tuted practical cooperation for the risks of competition. A concerted practice can be constituted by direct or indirect contact between...
