by 21st Century Competition | May 8, 2014
Separation of the various components of production, distribution and service in order to introduce greater elements of competition to these segments of an industry. ‘Functional unbundling’ requires monopolistic utilities to provide access to (part of) their...
by 21st Century Competition | May 8, 2014
For the purpose of EU antitrust law, any entity engaged in an economic activity, that is, an activity consisting in offering goods or services on a given market, regardless of its legal status and the way in which it is financed, is considered an undertaking. To...
by 21st Century Competition | May 8, 2014
Market at the previous stage of the production/distribution chain, for example, the production, distribution and marketing of motor vehicles would be an upstream market in relation to the sale of motor vehicles to final consumers. Source: Glossary of terms used in EU...
